Paper Title
A SOCIAL CAPITAL APPROACH FOR DEMOCRATIZATION CHALLENGES IN EGYPT

Abstract
Abstract - On January 25, 2011, Egyptian citizens went to the streets under the banner of “bread, freedom, and socialjustice.” Following three decades of dictatorship President Mubarak was forced by the military to stepdown allowing for the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces(SCAF)which was made of the top militaryleadership to take control. Following free elections to parliament and president from the MuslimBrotherhood a freely elected government was established only to follow a military’s coup in July 3, 2013. The dreams and hopes for an Egyptian democracy were shattered not only for Egypt but for numerous Arab and Muslim societies around the globe. After the coup, a new military-backed regime took power, led by former Minister of Defense Abdel Fattah al-Sisi. Since then, his regime has controlled all politics based on repression. In this paper we offer a social capital approach to explain how the real possibility of democracy was diminished. What social networks of strong institutional and personal ties at the organizational militaryeconomic and government levels provide and enable - on the one hand continues personal security and societal function - yet on the other hand stifle the possibility of overcoming challenges of establishing democratization and a democratic civil society.