Paper Title
Field Evaluation of Some Mosquito Larvicidal Agents Againstanopheles and Culex Mosqito and Its Effects on Non-Target Organisms in Malaysian Rice Fields, Penang, Malaysia

Abstract
Under the field condition Culex spp. and Anopheles spp. were selected for small plots evaluation of Abate® 500E (0.28 mg/l), VectoBac-WDG® (AI) 3000 ITU/mg (0.48 mg/l) and monomolecular film Agnique MMF® (5 l/ha) efficacy over time in the rice fields. In fields with water pH 5.8, water temperature 28 ºC and 9.05 cm rice plant height, Abate® 500E at 0.28 mg/liter gave (75.3-100%) mortality of Anopheles spp. and (75.8-90.5%) mortality of Culex spp. 3 wk post-treatment, respectively. VectoBac-WDG® at 0.48 mg/liter yielded (55.52-100%) mortality of Anopheles spp. and (51.29-100%) mortality of Culex spp 5-7 days post-treatment, respectively. While Agnique MMF® at 5 l/ha (0.5 ml/m²) resulted in (84.9-93.7%) mortality of Anopheles spp. and (73.4-96.5%) mortality of Culex spp. 2 wk post-treatment, respectively. The three larvicides at same rates had no noticeable adverse effects on prevailing macroinvertebrate fauna such as, Corixidae, mayfly naiads, damselfly larvae and Dytiscidae. Keywords - Anophels, Culex, Rice Fields, Larvicidal Agent, Microinvertibrats