Paper Title
Safety Survey of Retail Pork and Pork Byproduct in Egypt for Existence of Multidrug Resistant Toxigenic Escherichia Coli

Abstract
In spite of Escherichia coli is concerned a commensal microorganism present in the intestine of human and animals,there is a potential riskof some pathogenic E. colito cause illness, especially in children (10-30%) and stressed people(20-60%) due to the influence of toxins production.This study is concerned with investigation of antibiotic resistant and toxigenic E. coli among retail pork by products in markets as there are a few data regarded foods of porcine source in Egypt, despite the existence of worthwhile swine population and consumers. Sampling and Methods: A number of 95 pork samples, including 75 local pork by-products (pork by-products = 45, liver 10, kidney 10, pork meat 10)and 20 imported oneswere purchased and delivered to lab. exam.Samples positive for bacterial growth with gas production in lactose broth were assumed to contain Gram-negative organisms.An aliquot of the lactose fermenter suspension was plated on McConkey agar and eosin methylene blue (EMB) agar. Individual bacterial isolates were confirmed as E. coli by the presence of pink lactose-fermenting colonies on McConkey agar, metallic green colonies on EMB agar,and API® 20 for enterobacteriacae.The biochemically identified E. coli isolates wereassayed for their susceptibility to 15 antimicrobial agents (Oxoid) by the disk diffusion method. The PCR assay was applied on The E. coli isolates for 16s universal gene identification anddetection of heat stable enterotoxins (staand stb),Shiga toxin genes (Stx1 and Stx2) usingQIAamp DNA Mini kit (Qiagen, Germany, GmbH). Results: A high colony count was obtained in liver and kidney samples (2 x104)followed by local by products while the imported products showed the least count.The culture revealed a total number of 21 E. coli isolates (22.1%), 18/75of local products (24%)while 3/20 of imported ones(15%).The E. coli isolates exhibited a multidrug resistant pattern to at least more than one antibiotic group, as β lactams, and quinolones.The heat stable enterotoxin genes were detected in 12 isolates as 57.1% (9 from local and 3 from the imported pork).The Shiga toxin genes were detected in 8 isolates(7 from local and one from the imported) in incidence of (38.1%) as 5 isolates showedStx1 and 2 showed both genes while the imported source isolate showed Stx2 gene. Conclusion: The retail pork byproducts in Egyptian markets may be potentially considered a risk for human consumption as exhibited a source of multidrug resistant toxigenic E. coli. So it is recommended to fulfillsufficient cooked liver and kidney, well-heated meat and hygienic quality controlled product processing.